Vertebrata
Organism with backbones such as lampreys, sharks, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Class Agnatha – lampreys
- Class Chondrichthyes – sharks
- Class Osteichthyes – fishes
- Class Amphibia – amphibians
- Class Reptilia – reptiles (snakes and lizards) (embryo surrounded by
membrane & shell)
- Class Aves – birds
- Class Mammalia – mammals
- Birds and mammals are endothermic (warm-blooded) and can regulate
body temperature regardless of external environment. Body heat arises
from metabolism (breakdown of nutrients)
- Rest of the vertebrates are ectothermic (cold-blooded). Their body
temperature varies with changes in external environment.
Class Agnatha – lampreys
- Class Chondrichthyes – sharks
- Class Osteichthyes – fishes
- Class Amphibia – amphibians
- Class Reptilia – reptiles (snakes and lizards) (embryo surrounded by
membrane & shell)
- Class Aves – birds
- Class Mammalia – mammals
- Birds and mammals are endothermic (warm-blooded) and can regulate
body temperature regardless of external environment. Body heat arises
from metabolism (breakdown of nutrients)
- Rest of the vertebrates are ectothermic (cold-blooded). Their body
temperature varies with changes in external environment.
African Male Lion
The African Lion is a type of wildcat that can usually be found in certain places, like Africa (hence the name African lion). The lion breathes in oxygen and lets out carbon dioxide, which is creating energy for their cell growth, a necessity for life. The carbon dioxide gas has an affect on their pH systems, and the expiration of gases creates a need for lots of water. Lions have both an upper and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract is located right outside the chest, and the lower respiratory tract, which contains a few gas-exchanging pulmonary tissues, is located inside their chest cavity. The respiratory for lions is very similar to humans' respiratory system.
Dogs
Dogs have a very similar respiratory system to humans. It works in the same exact way, but is set up in a different shape. The air is breathed in from the nose and/or mouth and is taken to the lungs by the trachea. Because dogs also live in a dry climate, lungs are suitable instead of gills.
Frogs
Frogs have three different types of respiration - Cutaneous (skin), Buccal (mouth), Pulmonary (lungs). In the Cutaneous respiration, there are gaseous exchanges between the skin of the frog and also the external environment (water and air). The skin of the frog is then supplied with the blood capillaries that it needs. Next is Buccal Respiration. When a frog floats on the surface of water or rests on land, they then respire through the buccal cavity. Atmospheric air is sucked in through the nasal openings, only when the floor of buccal cavity is lowered and opened. Lastly, is the Pulmonary Respiration. Pulmonary respiration can take account for 65% of total oxygen intake, for a frog. It includes many familiar parts, like larynx, trachea, a pair of lungs, etc.